Roman Numeral Converter
Enter a value above to see the conversion.
Convert any whole number from 1 to 3999 into a Roman numeral, or turn a Roman numeral back into a number. The tool uses standard subtractive notation (so 4 is IV and 1994 is MCMXCIV), checks that your number is in range, and flags malformed numerals like IIII or VX instead of guessing.
How to use
- Pick a direction: number to Roman numeral, or Roman numeral to number.
- Type your value into the input field.
- Read the converted result, which updates live as you type.
- Use Copy to grab the result, or Swap to flip the direction and convert it back.
Examples
- Number to Roman: 1994 becomes MCMXCIV.
- Roman to number: LVIII becomes 58.
- Largest value: 3999 becomes MMMCMXCIX.
FAQs
- What range of numbers does it support?
- It supports the whole numbers 1 to 3999. Standard Roman numerals have no symbol for zero and no agreed way to write 4000 or higher, so values outside this range are rejected with a clear message.
- Why is a numeral like IIII or VV reported as invalid?
- Those break the rules of standard Roman notation. A symbol like I, X, C, or M can repeat at most three times, and IIII should be written IV, while VV should be X. The tool only accepts well formed numerals.
- Is the input case sensitive?
- No. You can type mcmxciv or MCMXCIV and both convert to 1994. Surrounding spaces are ignored too.
- How is 4 written, as IV or IIII?
- As IV. The tool uses subtractive notation, so 4 is IV, 9 is IX, 40 is XL, 90 is XC, 400 is CD, and 900 is CM.
- What does the Swap button do?
- It flips the conversion direction and feeds the current result back in as the new input, so you can round trip a value and confirm it converts cleanly both ways.
Related tools
- Number to Words ConverterConvert any whole number into English words instantly. Supports values up to the trillions, plus zero and negatives. Free and runs in your browser.
- Time Unit ConverterConvert time units instantly: milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, and years (365 days). Free, accurate, works in your browser.
- Angle ConverterConvert angles between degrees, radians, gradians, and turns. Fast, accurate, and free, with a swap control and copy to clipboard.
- Length ConverterConvert length between meters, kilometers, centimeters, millimeters, miles, yards, feet, and inches instantly in your browser.
- Weight ConverterConvert weight and mass units instantly. Switch between kilograms, grams, milligrams, tonnes, pounds, ounces, and stone.
- Temperature ConverterConvert temperatures between Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin instantly. Free, accurate, and works offline in your browser.